HPV Vaccination Full Form & What It Protects Against
HPV vaccination (full form: Human Papillomavirus Vaccination) is a preventive vaccine designed to protect the body from high-risk HPV strains that cause cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer, and genital warts [web:32]. It works by helping your immune system build strong protection before exposure. Backed by global research and recommended by leading health organizations, the HPV vaccine is an essential step in safeguarding reproductive and sexual health [web:34].
Age for HPV Vaccination (Recommended & Maximum Age Limit)
The ideal age for HPV vaccination is 9–14 years, when the immune system response is strongest. At this age, only two doses are required. Individuals aged 15–26 years need three doses for full protection [web:32].
The vaccine can also be given up to 45 years of age, based on your doctor's recommendation and personal risk factors. HPV vaccination is equally important for men, as it protects against genital warts, anal cancers and reduces overall HPV transmission. Even if sexually active, you can still receive the vaccine to gain protection against HPV types you have not yet encountered.
Types of HPV Vaccines Available in India
- Cervarix: Protects against HPV 16 & 18 (commonly linked to cervical cancer).
- Gardasil 4: Covers HPV 6, 11, 16 & 18; prevents cervical cancer and genital warts.
- Gardasil 9: Broadest protection covering 9 HPV strains, recommended globally.
- CERVAVAC (Indian vaccine): A cost-effective quadrivalent vaccine for widespread prevention.
Each vaccine offers strong protection, and your doctor will help you choose the best one based on age and availability [web:33].
HPV Vaccination Cost in India
- Cervarix: ₹1,500–₹3,000 per dose
- Gardasil 4: ₹2,200–₹4,000 per dose
- Gardasil 9: ₹7,000–₹10,000 per dose
- CERVAVAC: ₹2,000–₹2,500 per dose
Total cost depends on whether you need a 2-dose or 3-dose schedule. Many clinics offer inclusive packages with consultation and follow-up reminders.
HPV Vaccination Procedure: What to Expect
The HPV vaccine is a simple outpatient injection. After a brief consultation, the doctor administers the vaccine in the upper arm. The process takes less than five minutes. You may be asked to wait for 10–15 minutes for routine observation. You can immediately resume your daily routine afterward [web:33].
Depending on your age and health profile, you will receive either a 2-dose schedule (0 and 6 months) or a 3-dose schedule (0, 1–2, and 6 months).
Possible Reactions to HPV Vaccination (Side Effects)
HPV vaccines have an excellent safety record. Most side effects are mild and temporary [web:34].
- Redness, swelling, or soreness at the injection site
- Mild fever
- Headache or fatigue
- Light dizziness (mostly in adolescents)
- Fainting (sit or lie down for 15 minutes after vaccination to prevent falls) [web:33]
These symptoms usually improve within 24–48 hours. Serious reactions are extremely rare. Adequate hydration and rest can help relieve the discomfort [web:32].
Benefits of HPV Vaccination
- Protects against major HPV-related cancers
- Prevents genital warts
- Strongest immunity when taken before exposure
- Reduces HPV transmission in the community
- Long-term protection with proven global safety
- Beneficial for both females and males
Who Should Get the HPV Vaccine?
- Girls and boys aged 9–14 years (ideal age)
- Individuals aged 15–26 years who haven't completed vaccination
- Adults up to 45 years, as advised by a doctor
- Men, for protection against genital warts and certain cancers
- Anyone wanting preventive protection, regardless of sexual activity
A short consultation with your gynaecologist can help determine your exact schedule.
