What Is an Endometrial Biopsy & Why It's Recommended?
An endometrial biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a small tissue sample is collected from the lining of the uterus (endometrium). This sample is then examined under a microscope to detect infections, hormonal imbalances, precancerous changes, or uterine abnormalities.
Doctors commonly recommend this test for:
- Abnormal or heavy menstrual bleeding
- Irregular periods, especially after age 35
- Postmenopausal bleeding
- Suspected endometrial hyperplasia or cancer
- Fertility evaluations
It is an essential screening tool that helps identify causes of abnormal bleeding and ensures appropriate treatment at the right time.
Endometrial Biopsy Procedure (Step-by-Step)
At Opulence Clinic, the endometrial biopsy procedure is performed using gentle, minimally invasive techniques such as Pipelle sampling, ensuring maximum comfort and accuracy.
- Pre-examination Assessment: Dr. Nidhi Jain reviews your symptoms, menstrual history, and any ongoing medical conditions to ensure the test is appropriate.
- Positioning & Preparation: You will lie comfortably on the gynaecology examination chair. A speculum is gently inserted to visualise the cervix.
- Cervical Cleaning: The cervix is cleaned with an antiseptic solution to reduce infection risks.
- Insertion of Pipelle/Curette: A thin, flexible Pipelle cannula (or curette, depending on requirement) is inserted through the cervix into the uterus.
- Sample Collection: Gentle suction is applied using the Pipelle device to collect a small tissue sample from the endometrium.
- Completion: The instrument is removed, and the collected sample is sent to the lab for microscopic evaluation. The entire procedure takes 3–5 minutes and is typically performed without anesthesia because discomfort is minimal and brief.
Different Methods of Endometrial Biopsy
Depending on the clinical condition, one of three methods may be used:
- 1. Pipelle Endometrial Biopsy (Most Common): A flexible suction device used for quick, minimally painful sampling, preferred worldwide.
- 2. Endometrial Curettage (D&C): A slightly more extensive method using a curette, usually performed when a larger sample is required.
- 3. Hysteroscopy-Guided Biopsy: A camera-assisted method used when the doctor needs to visualize and target specific areas inside the uterus.
Dr. Nidhi Jain selects the safest and most appropriate method based on your symptoms and medical history.
Endometrial Biopsy Cost in India
The endometrial biopsy cost in India generally ranges from ₹4,000 to ₹10,000, depending on the biopsy method, diagnostic equipment, and laboratory evaluation. After your consultation, you will receive a clear, personalized estimate based on your clinical needs.
Understanding Endometrial Biopsy Results
Results typically include details about:
- Hormonal activity of the endometrium
- Presence of inflammation, infection, or polyps
- Evidence of hyperplasia (abnormal thickening)
- Precancerous or cancerous changes
Reports are usually available within 5–7 days. Dr. Nidhi Jain explains the findings thoroughly and discusses the next steps, ensuring that you feel fully informed and confident about your treatment plan.
What Happens If My Endometrial Biopsy Is Abnormal?
Abnormal results do not always mean cancer. They may indicate hormonal imbalance, benign hyperplasia, infection, or structural abnormalities. Based on the findings, treatment may include hormonal therapy, further diagnostic tests (like ultrasound or hysteroscopy), or, in some cases, surgical management. Early detection ensures better outcomes and timely intervention.
Risks, Safety & Recovery
An endometrial biopsy is considered very safe when performed by an experienced gynaecologist [web:26]. Minor cramps, spotting, or mild discomfort may occur for 24–48 hours. Most women are able to resume their normal activities on the same day. Avoid intercourse, tampons, or douching for 48 hours to allow healing.
